Ketogenic Diet Google Scholar – Erratum: Lee et al. Ginseng extracts, GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, inhibit the blood-brain barrier thereby preventing apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2383
Physical Fitness, Bone Quality, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Professional Beach Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ketogenic Diet Google Scholar
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Very‐low‐carbohydrate Diet Enhances Human T‐cell Immunity Through Immunometabolic Reprogramming
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Pdf) Its Benefits & Overall Effects On Adults Objective
Received: 7 April 2021 / Revised: 30 April 2021 / Accepted: 9 May 2021 / Published: 13 May 2021
(This article deals with the special issue of dietary habits, beneficial exercise and chronic disease: recent advances and perspectives)
Due to the lack of a comprehensive and multifaceted overview of the ketogenic diet (KD) in relation to health issues, we compiled evidence related to the use of the ketogenic diet in relation to its impact on the microbiome , the epigenome, diabetes, is Weight loss, cardiovascular health, and cancer. A KD diet can potentially increase the genetic diversity of the microbiome and increase the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The epigenome can be positively affected by KD because it produces a signaling molecule known as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). KD helped diabetic patients lower their HbA1c and reduce their need for insulin. There is evidence to suggest that KD can help with weight loss, visceral adiposity, and appetite control. Evidence also suggests that eating a high-fat diet improves lipid profiles by reducing low-density lipoproteins (LDL), increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and reducing triglycerides (TG ). Because of the Warburg effect, KD is used as an adjuvant treatment to starve cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to chemotherapy and radiation. The potential positive effects of KD on each of these areas warrant further analysis, refined studies, and well-designed randomized controlled trials to further illuminate the therapeutic potential afforded by this dietary intervention.
β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); body mass index (BMI), type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes (T2D); Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); visceral adipose tissue (VAT); cardiovascular disease (CVD); high density lipoprotein (HDL); low density lipoprotein (LDL); Apolipoprotein B (apoB)
A Review On Preventive Role Of Ketogenic Diet (kd) In Cns Disorders From The Gut Microbiota Perspective
Ketogenic diets have begun to grow in popularity as doctors and researchers investigate their potential benefits. Nutritional ketosis, the end point of ketogenic diets, is achieved by limiting carbohydrate intake, moderating protein intake, and increasing the number of calories derived from fat [1]. In theory, this carbohydrate restriction causes the body to switch from glucose metabolism as the primary means of energy production. This results in the use of ketone bodies from fat metabolism, a metabolic state where the body prefers to use fat as the primary source of fuel. Recent studies using low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets, such as the ketogenic diet, have shown that patients lose weight, reverse symptoms of metabolic syndrome, and reduce or eliminate insulin requirements for type II diabetes [2]. promise to help reduce inflammation, improve epigenetic profiles, alter the microbiome, improve lipid profiles, complement cancer treatments, and potentially increase longevity [3] and liver function mind
The number of Americans suffering from obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome is increasing. Markers of metabolic syndrome include increased abdominal girth, insulin resistance, elevated triglycerides and hypertension [4, 5]. All these negative health markers increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. According to WebMD, there are currently 27 million people with type 2 diabetes and 86 million with pre-diabetes. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also estimate that approximately 40% of adults and approximately 20% of American children are obese [6, 7]. Many researchers believe that this disease is the result of carbohydrate intolerance and insulin resistance. Therefore, a diet that reduces exposure to carbohydrates, including whole grains, may become a more logical recommendation to improve health [8]. Accordingly, two dietary regimens, the standard ketogenic diet, and the therapeutic ketogenic diet (Figure 1), which restrict carbohydrate intake to varying degrees, are being studied for their effects on health. Therapeutic ketogenic diets, which severely restrict both carbohydrates and proteins, are commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy and cancer. However, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest that between 45 and 65% of calorie intake should come from carbohydrates (Figure 1). If a person consumes 2000 calories per day, this is equivalent to an average of 225-325 grams of carbohydrates per day [9].
An emerging diet that is becoming mainstream is a low-carb/high-fat diet. However, there is a difference between a low-carb ketogenic diet and a low-carb ketogenic diet (LCKD). Ketosis is usually achieved through fasting or carbohydrate restriction. It is important to clarify that a low-carb diet generally refers to a diet with a carbohydrate intake of 50 to 150 grams per day. However, while this is a lower amount of carbohydrates than the standard American diet, it is not low enough to enter nutritional ketosis. It is only when a patient restricts carbohydrates to less than 50 g/day that the body is unable to fuel the body through glucose and switches to burning fat [10]. The ketogenic diet is an inversion of the current food pyramid supported by the Dietary Guidelines. Therefore, instead of a diet rich in carbohydrates, it is high in fat (Figure 2). The resulting carbohydrate restriction lowers blood glucose levels, and subsequent changes in insulin instruct the body to switch from a fat storage state to a fat oxidation state [10 ]. Once fat is used as a primary fuel source in the liver, the production of ketone bodies begins, a process known as ketogenesis. During ketosis, three main ketone bodies are formed and used for energy by the body: acetone, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate [11]. All cells that have mitochondria can meet their energy demands with ketone bodies, including the brain and muscles. In addition, research suggests that β-hydroxybutyrate acts as a signaling molecule and may play a role in appetite suppression [12].
However, there is some heterogeneity in the available data. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the role of the ketogenic diet in altering the microbiome, epigenetics, weight loss, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer as described below (Figure 3).
Effects Of A Ketogenic Diet On Body Composition And Strength In Trained Women
The microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. It consists of more than 8000 different species of bacteria, viruses and fungi that live in a complex ecosystem [13]. Recent research suggests that the genetic makeup of the microbiome can be influenced by lifestyle factors including but not limited to sleep, exercise, antibiotic use, and even diet. These bacteria can change our response to different food sources because they differ in their ability to obtain energy from food, and influence the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) [13]. Because controlling blood glucose levels reduces the risk of metabolic disease, diabetes and obesity, this could be an innovative way to help reduce the risk of disease. A study conducted at the Weizmann Institute showed that a mathematical algorithm can be used to determine an individual’s microbiome profile and predict his glycemic response to different types of food [14]. In this way, patients were able to switch from stable blood glucose to unstable levels by simply eating foods that the program predicted were good or bad based on their microbiome. Their initial results were confirmed by a repeated study at the Mayo Clinic with a different population [13]. It is important to note that the composition of the microbiome, which is considered to play a fundamental role in human health, is primarily shaped by environmental factors. According to a study conducted by Rothschild et al. [15], the average heritability of the gut microbiome taxa is only 1.9%, while more than 20% of the variability was associated with diet and lifestyle.
Therefore, the research in
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