Gerd Diet Plan Uk – Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
Abstract: We conducted this review to ascertain the effect of diet and lifestyle on gastroesophageal reflux disease. Through searches of PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) databases, we identified articles that contained clear definitions of GERD, including non-gastroesophageal reflux (NERD), reflux esophagitis (RE) ) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), which includes diet and lifestyle as independent influences on the onset of GERD (expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)). Because of the heterogeneity of studies, we used descriptive analysis to identify and group all outcomes by disease type. In total, 72 articles were included, ten produced in Western countries (26 articles in total) and nine in Eastern countries (46 articles in total). We have divided food into 20 products and lifestyle into 11 products. GERD was associated with various dietary and lifestyle habits (e.g. eating dinner at midnight: OR = 5.08, 95% CI 4.03– 6.4; skipping breakfast: OR = 2.7 , 95% CI 2.17– 3.35; eating fast: OR = 4.06, 95% CI 3.11– 5.29; eating very hot food: OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.37– 2.4; and overeating: OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.18–3.73). Vegetarian diet (using non-vegetarian food (no); OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.211– 0.545) and non-vegetarian (OR = 0.841, 95% CI 0.715– 0.990) had a negative effect on GERD, while daily consumption of meat, of fish and eggs: OR = 1.088, 95% CI 1.042–1.135) and fat (high-fat diet: OR = 7.568, 95% CI 4.557– 8.908) had a positive effect on GERD. An interval of less than three hours between dinner and bedtime (OR = 7.45, 95% CI 3.38– 16.4) was associated with GERD and moderate physical activity (exercise > 30 minutes (> 3 times/week): OR = 0.7, 95 % CI 0.6– 0.9) was negatively associated with GERD. Smoking (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.12– 1.264), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.278, 95% CI 1.207– 1.353) and mental health (brain damage: OR = 1.278, 95% CI 1.207–1.207) were better correlated. with GERD. RE (vitamin C: OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24– 0.90) and BE (vitamin C: OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.2–0.98; vitamin E: OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0) were negative. . Correlates with antioxidant intake. In conclusion, many dietary and lifestyle factors are associated with the onset of GERD, and these factors differ between regions and disease types. These results should be further confirmed in future studies.
Gerd Diet Plan Uk
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease in which heartburn and regurgitation are the main clinical manifestations and esophageal and pulmonary symptoms may occur. According to endoscopic findings and esophageal pH analysis, there are also asymptomatic symptoms.
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The main pathological process is invasion of stomach contents and failure of esophageal antireflux barrier. The former is usually caused by gastric acid pocket formation and delayed gastric emptying. The latter is usually due to dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The frequency of delayed lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) is increased, and acid is eliminated from the esophagus, among other things, but the specific causes of the sudden occurrence of this test are unclear.
The situation is increasing every year, but there are differences between regions. The highest incidence, which occurs in Europe and the United States, reaches 20% and the lowest incidence, which occurs in Asia, is around 10%. In addition, age, sex, race, genetics, and diet and lifestyle factors (such as obesity and smoking) are associated with GERD.
Effective treatments include lifestyle changes, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and surgery. With the recognition of the side effects of long-term use of PPIs, as a non-drug and first-line treatment, diet and lifestyle changes are receiving increasing attention. Because of their importance in the prevention and treatment of GERD.
Therefore, we reviewed and analyzed the current literature on diet and lifestyle factors associated with GERD, providing specific advice and guidelines for patients on diet and lifestyle and providing information for further research. We attempt to explain the dietary and lifestyle differences associated with GERD between Western and Eastern countries.
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We successfully searched the literature in two English databases, i.e., PubMed and EMBASE, and two Chinese databases, i.e., Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database with appropriate search strategies. In PubMed, the search was limited to titles and descriptions, and we searched for articles about diet and lifestyle using terms such as food, diet, lifestyle, and nutrition. Free words and MeSH terms were used to guide the search, and search terms were linked with “and”. The English language literature search was limited to articles published in the English literature that involved human subjects. We searched for articles published before 2020-03-01. Chinese literature was investigated by journals, and research was limited to mainstream journals. We searched for articles published before 2020-03-14. Details of the search strategy for each database are included in Appendix 1.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: ① a clear definition of GERD, non-gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD), reflux esophagitis (RE) or Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and ② items that diet and lifestyle independently influence the onset of GERD. Items that met the following criteria were excluded: ① studies under 18 years of age; ② No text; ③ reviews, systematic reviews, pooled analyses, and meta-analyses; ④ Articles focused on GERD symptom relief, recurrence, exacerbations and complications; ⑤ items that did not provide odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) values; and ⑥ articles whose statistical methods included only one analysis that was not analyzed by multiple logistic regression.
Two researchers analyzed the data, provided evidence, identified research methods and sent objections to another person for consideration. The following information was extracted: name, author, year, country, sample of diagnosis, sample size, mean age (expressed as difference ± standard deviation if available), sex ratio, and nutritional status and lifestyle risk factors (expressed as ORs (RRs and 95% CIs). For multiple variables or differences between variables, we extract only the most important values for comparison (such as highest consumption vs. lowest consumption or lowest consumption vs. highest consumption); For RE, we did not differentiate whether symptoms were present, and for BE, we did not differentiate whether dysplasia was present. The control group was asymptomatic or population controls. Since food and lifestyle can be taught in different ways, we have divided these topics according to the main text and their similarities.
Finally, 72 articles were included. The specific reasons for exclusion and the number of excluded articles are shown in Figure 1. Of the included articles, ten studies were conducted in the West, including Albania (26 articles in all),
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Regarding distribution of related products, we segmented 20 products related to nutrition and 11 products related to lifestyle. Then, according to the article, we classified the participants as GERD, NERD, RE or BE. A summary of each article is in Appendix 2, and the diet and lifestyle in various areas associated with each type of disease is shown in Table 1.
In total, 42 articles described factors related to GERD; Among these studies, eight studies were conducted in Western countries, 34 studies were conducted in Eastern countries, 1 study was a cohort study, 9 studies were a case-control study, and 32 studies were cross-sectional studies. The sample size is 173,132, including 94,235 males and 78,897 females. The main findings related to GERD across the articles are shown in Table 2. A summary of the cases is available in Appendix 3.
Diet and GERD: A poor diet has been linked to GERD. Protein and fat were positively associated with GERD and tea was associated with GERD in all but one article.
Which shows that fatty foods and strong tea have a negative effect on GERD. Coffee has a negative effect on GERD; Regular soft drinks and milk have a positive effect on GERD; Fruits, citrus and vitamin C have a negative effect on GERD; And dietary intake of citrus, sweet and spicy foods, and poor diet were positively associated with GERD. Sitting or walking after eating instead of lying down is negatively associated with GERD, and less than 3 hours between dinner and sleep is associated with GERD.
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The following lifestyle factors are associated with GERD: smoking, alcohol consumption, mental illness, higher education, less sleep time, physical activity, nature of night work, less exercise and increased abdominal pain are associated with GERD. However, beer consumption was negatively associated with GERD, while altitude, length of stay in the environment, and urban or rural area were positively associated with GERD. Marriage, divorce and widowhood have a strong association with GERD.
Six articles discuss NERD in relation to diet and lifestyle. All included studies were conducted in 6 non-European countries and the USA, 2 studies were case-control studies, and 4 studies were cross-sectional studies. The total sample size is 34,762, including 20,778 males
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