Gallstone Diet Pregnancy – Annals of Hepatology (AoH) is an international, open access bimonthly journal funded by Fundación Clinica Medica Sur. The official journal of the Mexican Association of Hepatology (AMH), the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver (ALEH), the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver (CASL) and the Czech Society of Hepatology (CSH). AoH publishes articles, opinions, brief reviews, original articles, brief reports, letters to the editor, news from professional organizations, clinical practice guidelines, and conference abstracts in the field of hepatology.
Cases covered by AoH include alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, biliary disease, drug-induced liver injury, liver disease, NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV). Our journal seeks to publish articles on clinical care and translational research focused on prevention rather than treatment of disease complications in the liver.
Gallstone Diet Pregnancy
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Gallbladder, Fat Digestion & Hashimoto’s
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Nahum Mendez-Sanchez1 , Corresponding author [email protected] Address for correspondence: , Norberto C. Chavez-Tapia2, Misel Uribe1, 2
Table I. Evaluation of the development of gallbladder disease during pregnancy detected by ultrasound. Adapted from Hansen et al.44
Can A Ketogenic Diet Cause Gallbladder Attacks?
Gallbladder disease is the most common disease in Western countries due to many genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. Women are a high-risk group, and pregnancy greatly increases this risk. In fact, gallbladder disease is the second most common indication for surgery during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss the most important aspects of gallbladder disease and pregnancy as part of the Symposium on Liver and Pregnancy organized by the Mexican Association of Hepatology and the Mexican Association of Gynecologists and Obstetricians.
Gallbladder disease is the most common disease in Western countries due to the influence of many genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. The most important factor in gallstone formation is increased biliary secretion of cholesterol from the liver, resulting in cholesterol-supersaturated bile. Eventually, biliary cholesterol settles into cholesterol monohydrate microcrystals, which grow and accumulate in the gallbladder to form macroliths. For example, in the United States, 10%-15% of the adult population has gallstones. In other populations, such as Latin-American countries, the prevalence of gallstones is higher, up to 50% in older women.2 This sexiness is fourfold. Shows some risks in pregnancy. In fact, gallbladder disease is the second most common indication for surgery in pregnancy, with 3 and 31% of women with gallstones having biliary colic attacks.4 In this review, we discuss the most important aspects of gallbladder disease and pregnancy as part of a symposium. On the liver and pregnancy, contributed by the Mexican Association of Hepatology and the Mexican Association of Gynecologists and Obstetrics, the epidemiology of gallstones and gallstones are the most common causes of gallstone disease in pregnancy. Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gallstones. Studies in the United States have shown gallstones in 5%-12% of pregnant women. -0.3%, 3, 8 and asymptomatic gallstones occur in 3.5%-10% of all pregnancies. 9 However, the need for cholecystectomy is 1 in 1, occurring in 1 in 600 of 10,000 pregnancies. 10, 11 In a study by the University of Southern California, the first ultrasonography detected gallstones in 15% and gallstones in 6% of pregnant women. New stones or stones were found in 30% and 2% of women, respectively, late in their pregnancy (Table I). Test results showed that 61% of women who had previously had a bowel movement had stool disappearance and 28% of those with stones disappeared. Therefore, the study concluded that some patients with cholelithiasis during pregnancy may not have it after delivery. Unfortunately, about 50% of women experience a recurrence of their symptoms before giving birth. However, no recent data from the German population support this idea. 14 Table I evaluates the development of gallbladder disease during pregnancy detected by ultrasound. Adapted from Hansen et al.44. First author Sample size Age (years) Fat stone (%) Wood decay (%) Stauffer 338 24 – 40 3.5 n/a Bartoli 36 20 – 34 5.6 N6 37 / Basso 512 15 – 43 2.7 n / Margithinin 686 N / ARADENDA 980 16 – 1 – a 12.2 Ko 3254 n/a 1.8 4.5 n/a, 1.8 4.5 n/a, gallstones not found, especially administered during pregnancy, especially when complicated with pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy is elective in the postpartum period. Up to 37%. The fetal loss rate was 38% for a fetus of 20 weeks or 500 g.15. Perhaps some of the most important factors are obesity (and, as a result, metabolic syndrome), 16 diet, 17 and some new hormones.18 – 22 However, other risks have been described in pregnancy, including body composition, increased prenatal weight. , prenatal physical activity, dietary fat, iron supplementation, age, skin, history of gallbladder disease, and blood cholesterol. In Lindseth et al.’s study, 23 after several studies history of gallbladder disease, physical activity, and physical activity were the most important predictors of gallbladder disease in pregnancy. When other variables such as fasting, postprandial gallbladder volume, and gallbladder ejection fraction were considered, gallbladder ejection fraction and number of previous pregnancies were the only significant factors associated with new gallstones and biliary sludge in the pregnant group.24 Recent data. A prospective study suggests that pre-pregnancy obesity and serum leptin are strong risk factors for gallbladder disease during pregnancy (Figure 1). 25 Figure 1 . Implications of elevated serum leptin as a risk factor for gallbladder disease (GD) in pregnancy. The risk increases by approximately 1 ng/dL of leptin. This basic model is based on data from Ko et al.25 (0.03MB). Pathophysiology Transient changes in the biliary system during pregnancy lead to gallbladder disease. These changes include retention of bile and secretion of bile and an increase in cholesterol and a decrease in the amount of chenodeoxycholic acid. 26 An increase in the lithogenic index of the gallbladder is observed in the liver and gallbladder bile, with increased cholesterol secretion. Fluid body fat volume increases by 50% during pregnancy, but the percentage of fat varies. The percentage of cholic acid increases relative to growth in the process, while the percentage of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid decreases. 27 These changes in gallbladder bile composition are rapidly reversible, even in patients with gallstones after delivery. 4 Other gallbladder changes contribute to gallbladder function as well as gallstone formation during pregnancy, for example Decreases the number of enterohepatic cycles. Sex steroids cause changes in gallbladder lipid composition and gallbladder hypomotility leading to an increase in cholesterol gallstones. In vitro experiments indicate that progesterone inhibits gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction. In animals pretreated with progesterone, the reduction in response to agonists is similar to that seen in pregnant animals.28 Other findings include improvements in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (a source of cholesterol secreted in fat) and stress. Acyl coenzyme A: Cholesterol acyltransferase. Fasting and residual gallbladder are higher in second- and third-trimester pregnant women than in the general population. Postprandial gallbladder dysfunction has also been reported in pregnant women (Figure 2). 27, 29, 30 Figure 2. Epidemiological and clinical risk factors for gallbladder disease (GD) during pregnancy. . Vulnerability issues are presented with the most consistent evidence available.(0.1MB). Another mechanism involved in the production of gallstones in the general population is related to apolipoprotein E, 31, but there is little or no association with apoE4 and the development of gallstones and/or gallstones in pregnancy. Test them in the non-pregnant state. It consists of a typical colicky or stabbing pain in the upper right side and/or epigastric region that radiates to the right side, scapula, and shoulder. Other symptoms of gallbladder disease include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, low-grade fever, tachycardia, and often, intolerance to fatty foods.
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