Can High Protein Diet Cause Kidney Problems – Human kidneys perform various functions that help our body to be healthy. The functions of the kidneys are as follows:
Chronic kidney disease or CKD is a disease in which there is a defect in the function or structure of one or both kidneys that lasts for more than 3 months. Chronic kidney disease is usually permanent and irreversible damage and can lead to deterioration of kidney function. Chronic kidney disease has 5 stages from stage 1 to stage 5 based on the global filtration rate (GFR). Higher levels indicate more severe kidney damage.
Can High Protein Diet Cause Kidney Problems
Kidneys help maintain bone health. They do this by keeping calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in normal levels. Chronic kidney disease can reduce levels of phosphorus and thyroid hormones, calcium and vitamin D. These changes can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures. Calcium and phosphorus imbalances can cause them to build up in the blood vessels that supply the heart, causing heart disease and heart failure. Hemoglobin can decrease in kidney failure. High levels of potassium in the blood and increased acidity also occur, as they cannot be excreted properly in the urine. Patients with kidney failure may have malnutrition and wasting (wasting protein).
Chronic Kidney Disease
Protein wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by a simultaneous loss of protein and energy stores in the body. It is also available in patients with lower stages of CKD such as stage 3. As the severity of kidney disease increases, so does poor nutrition. A study conducted in India found that over 90% of malnourished dialysis patients belong to minority groups. More than 60% of middle income dialysis patients are malnourished.
There are specific scales such as the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Malnutrition Score (MIS) that are used clinically by nephrologists and nutritionists.
Nutritional therapy is important for kidney disease patients because it helps in a number of ways, including:
In patients with impaired kidney function, fewer nephrons (kidney function) are active than in kidneys with normal function. A high protein diet and consumption of animal protein (eg, meat) will increase the pressure in the remaining glomeruli. High blood pressure occurs in these glomeruli because high protein in the diet increases blood pressure and damages the rest of the glomeruli and causes kidney disease.
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A low nutrient intake of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day in the diet is recommended for CKD patients not on dialysis. A low-protein diet reduces acidity, slows bowel movements, reduces waste production, and reduces protein in the urine. Animal proteins are digested by gut bacteria and produce toxins that damage the body. Plant-based protein recommendations prevent this, and plant proteins are less acidic and lower in sodium than animal proteins. A protein intake of 1 -1.2gm/kg/day is recommended for patients on dialysis because these patients increase protein intake and lose protein during dialysis.
Patients with CKD should consume at least 30-35Kcal/kg body weight/day, 50 to 60% of calories from carbohydrates. Fat should be limited to less than 30% of calories and fat should be low in saturated fat. Saturated fat should be less than 10% of total fat. Avoid foods high in fructose such as fruit juice with added sugar, soft drinks etc. Too much fructose can lead to insulin resistance, increased fatty acids and heart disease.
Sodium restriction in patients with CKD helps lower blood pressure, slows the progression of kidney disease, and improves cardiovascular outcomes. High sodium intake in dialysis patients leads to weight gain, as sodium causes water retention in the body. Eliminating this excess fluid during dialysis can cause complications such as high blood pressure and anemia. Consume 5.5 grams (less than 2300 mg sodium) of salt per day. Each gram of salt contains 400 mg of sodium.
Constipation is common in patients with CKD as toxins build up in the body and gut bacteria change. Fiber is broken down by good gut bacteria to produce products that strengthen the lining of the stomach. CKD patients have a decrease in good bacteria and an increase in bad gut bacteria that break down dietary proteins into ingested toxins and damage the lining of the stomach. At least 25 grams of dietary fiber is recommended to prevent constipation and maintain healthy gut flora.
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In general, nutrition is very important for patients with chronic kidney disease. A low-protein diet and a plant-based diet will help reduce the rate of kidney disease. Avoiding constipation and limiting sodium will help prevent complications associated with CKD.
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Could A High Protein Diet Wreck Your Kidneys?
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